Oh Well!! Oil Majors Were Warned - To Their Faces - Of CO2 Threat In 1954. They Responded With PR & Lies
April 6, 1955, was a perfect spring day in Los Angeles. Downtown, the skies were unusually smog-free as Lauren B. Hitchcock, president of the Air Pollution Foundation, made his way up the marble steps of the city’s exclusive California Club for a meeting with some of the West Coast’s most powerful businessmen. Waiting inside the club’s oak-paneled rooms were top executives from California’s major oil companies. They were the Air Pollution Foundation’s largest funders, and they were not happy.
As the foundation’s president, it was Hitchcock’s job to oversee a research program aimed at solving Southern California’s escalating smog crisis – a crisis that had provoked mass protests throughout Los Angeles County only a few months before. Determined to tackle every possible source of smog, Hitchcock was investigating the region’s numerous oil and gas refineries. On top of this, he was publicly demanding action to curtail air pollution across the state, angering the members of the industry’s oldest lobby group, the Western States Petroleum Association (WSPA), then known as the Western Oil and Gas Association (WOGA). Several weeks earlier, the foundation had also published a report containing the bombshell warning that carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuels could have considerable long-term consequences for “civilization.” Displeased, WSPA’s senior leaders summoned Hitchcock to the California Club where they reprimanded him, spelling out in no uncertain terms exactly what they expected in return for their hefty financial contributions.
Over lunch, WSPA’s oilmen criticized Hitchcock for supporting pollution controls across California, for drawing “attention” to refinery pollution, and for conducting “too broad a program” of research. Instead, they told him they had formed the Air Pollution Foundation to be “protective,” that Hitchcock should serve as “the research director for the oil industry” and the foundation should publish “findings which would be accepted as unbiased” where the oil industry’s findings were not seen as trustworthy. This frank exchange, reported in detail by Hitchcock in a never-before-seen memo, unmasks the strategic motivations behind Big Oil’s sponsorship of air pollution research. Alongside dozens of other newly obtained documents, the memo shows that 1950s L.A. was ground zero for a tactic that has since become a key element of the oil industry’s PR playbook: funding a third-party community front group to sponsor and publicize research aimed at downplaying or denying the harmful impacts of burning fossil fuels.
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In late 1954, Caltech’s research proposal moved quickly up the foundation’s chain of command, informing oil and gas industry representatives of CO2’s potential climate danger at each stage of the approval process. First, the APF’s Research Committee, which included SoCalGas president F. M. Banks, endorsed the study. Next, the APF’s Board of Trustees, with its representatives from Union Oil (Chevron) and Southern California Edison, approved the proposal’s funding. A few months later, in March 1955, the APF shared Caltech’s CO2 warning widely among its supporters in a First Technical Progress Report, repeating the message that CO2 emissions from burning fossil fuels could seriously impact the atmosphere. According to President Hitchcock’s official annual statement later that year, copies of all the Foundation’s reports printed to date, which were also available to the public, had been sent to its “trustees and contributors.” This shows that WSPA and its major dues-paying members, including Shell, SOCAL Gas, and Southern California Edison, as well as the companies owned or later acquired by Chevron, ExxonMobil, ConocoPhillips and BP, were all warned 70 years ago that the product they profited from could pose a threat to the stability of the Earth’s climate.
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https://www.desmog.com/2024/11/12/revealed-big-oil-told-70-years-ago-that-fossil-fuel-emissions-could-impact-civilization/