I don't have the answer to how such a set of taxes would be designed. That doesn't mean we shouldn't be looking for the answer. The discussions I see so far indicate that a whole lot of people just think we're forced to sit by and watch a "tidal wave" overtake us (if that's what it ends up being).
No, we can start right away. Mark Kelly, for one has a good white paper.
Start with the principle that AI's material abundance-generating ability needs to benefit all people. The solution should be a normal American solution, some mix of capitalism and socialism. Government leaders should be monitoring the advances closely.
I'm an AI optimist and staunch American-style capitalist. I actually think it's fairly obviously in the best interest of the billionaire titans running this show to make it work for all. And I really do think that's what they intend to do. But it doesn't hurt for democracy to have a say in it the whole time too.
On edit: And it's not that I'm unaware that AI could be the end of us too. The situation is moving too fast. We can already see that the government is a major customer of AI, so there's obviously a lot of engagement. It's not like no one's driving at all. So I'm optimistic, but cautiously optimistic.
My two cents!