Iran was a constitutional monarchy under Mosaddegh
Mohammad Mosaddegh was just the Prime Minister.
Since his support was mostly urban he tried to put illiterate voters were into a separate category from literate voters and which would have increased the representation of the urban population.
He also ending the 1952 election before rural votes could be fully counted.
According to historian Ervand Abrahamian: "Realizing that the opposition would take the vast majority of the provincial seats, Mosaddegh stopped the voting as soon as 79 deputies—just enough to form a parliamentary quorum—had been elected.
He also introduced a single-clause bill to parliament to grant him emergency "dictatorial decree" powers for six months to pass "any law he felt necessary for obtaining not only financial solvency, but also electoral, judicial, and educational reforms.
In January 1953, successfully pressing Parliament to extend his emergency powers for another 12 months.
Mosaddegh attempted to abolish Iran's centuries-old feudal agriculture sector by replacing it with a system of collective farming and government land ownership, which also centralized power in his government.
A large part of his support was the Tudeh Party, a Iranian Marxist-Leninist communist party supporting Moscow's aims, not a popular move in the west during the Cold War.
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