A theory that may explain school privatization, charter schools, etc.

[Baobab]

9. TiSA has a negative list which (see post below)

basically includes all service sectors and modes of supply by default, which is a very large departure from GATS and may come as a very big shock for people because the carve outs have to go in at the beginning and i would not be surprised if most parties who should be there now, arent- .

the following text is from the EU VERSION OF the *declassified 10 March 15* EU TiSA so called "mandate" document. "6891/13 -
ADD 1 DCL 1
WTO 53
SERVICES 11
FDI 4
OC 96"

Note: Experts I have read seem of the opinion that these deals will adversely impact Americans more than Europeans because Europeans have already been dealing with much of this for some time, but its new in the US, they caution that the EU position even if the US position was identical likely would lead to very different outcomes because of EU unions offering legal protections to their memberships that may not exist in the US at all. Even so the Eu unions are fighting it tooth and nail. Not a peep from the US media, though. Strange isnt it?

So again, this is the EU version of this document, whatever similar document exists for the US, its unknown, it may be similar but maybe not.

That said if you want to know more, Geneva is where these discussions are going on. And they are for governments and lobbyists only, closed to the public.

----CUT HERE-------

A.
NATURE AND SCOPE OF THE AGREEMENT
On substance, the agreement should achieve essentially the same objectives as set out in the Council
Conclusions of October 1999 (12092/99 WTO 131), i.e. the agreement should be comprehensive,
ambitious, should aim at reducing existing imbalances and be fully consistent with World Trade
Organisation (WTO) rights and obligations, notably with regard to the WTO General Agreement on
Trade in Services (GATS). The negotiations should be conducted and concluded with due regard to
rights and obligations under the WTO, taking into account the elements for political guidance of the
8 th WTO Ministerial Conference by respecting the principles of transparency and inclusiveness.
In detail, the agreement should seek to bind, in general, the autonomous level of liberalisation of the
parties and provide for opportunities through negotiations for improved market access. The
agreement should also be comprehensive and comply with the requirements of GATS Article V in
terms of sectoral and mode of supply coverage. New and enhanced regulatory disciplines based on
proposals by the parties should be developed during the negotiations.

The agreement should take account of the fact that not all WTO-members are participating in the
negotiations. To prevent an automatic and unconditional multilateralisation of the agreement based
on the effect of the most-favoured-nation principle laid down in GATS Article II:1, the plurilateral
services agreement needs to fulfil the conditions of an Economic Integration Agreement pursuant to
GATS Article V, i.e. have a substantial sectoral coverage and provide for the elimination of existing
discriminatory measures and/or the prohibition of new or more discriminatory measures. The
agreement shall be built on the GATS to ensure a smooth future incorporation of the plurilateral
services agreement into the GATS and it shall incorporate GATS core articles. The agreement shall
provide for market access (GATS Article XVI) for services sectors in the same way as
commitments are undertaken, under GATS. It could go beyond GATS by providing for a horizontal
discipline for national treatment (GATS Article XVII) that would be applied in principle to all
sectors and modes of supply, subject to exemptions. In line with the Council Conclusions of 1999,
by applying this horizontal formula subject to exemptions, the negotiations would be more efficient
and would maximise the results. The agreement should have an overall architecture conducive to its
future multilateralisation and set out the mechanisms and conditions of accession and future
multilateralisation. To ensure that the parties observe mutually agreed rules and commitments, the
agreement shall include an effective dispute settlement mechanism. Due regard shall be given to the
dispute settlement mechanism provided for in the WTO Agreement. The European Union will
ensure that the Union and its Member States maintain the possibility to preserve and develop their
capacity to define and implement cultural and audiovisual policies for the purposes of preserving
their cultural diversity. The high quality of the EU's public utilities should be preserved in
accordance with the TFEU and in particular Protocol N° 26 on Services of General Interest, and
taking into account the EU's commitments in this area, including the GATS.
B. PROPOSED CONTENT OF THE AGREEMENT
1. The agreement should confirm the common objective of progressively liberalising trade in
services as a means of promoting economic growth and increasing participation of
developing and least developed countries in world trade.
2.
In line with GATS Article V, the agreement should cover substantially all sectors and
modes of supply and provide for the absence or elimination of existing discriminatory
measures and/or the prohibition of new or more discriminatory measures. This should be
without prejudice to the possible exclusion of a limited number of services sectors from the
liberalisation commitments. As in the GATS, the EU shall not take commitments on
audiovisual. The Agreement shall not cover services supplied in the exercise of
governmental authority.
3.
The agreement shall confirm the right of the EU and its Member States to regulate and to
introduce new regulations on the supply of services within their territories in order to meet
public policy objectives.

4.
The Commission should also ensure that nothing in the agreement prevents the parties
from applying their national laws, regulations and requirements regarding entry and stay,
provided that, in doing so, they do not nullify or impair the benefits accruing from the
agreement. EU and Member States' laws, regulations and requirements regarding work and
labour conditions shall continue to apply.
5.
As regards the architecture of the future agreement, the agreement shall be built on GATS
to ensure a smooth future incorporation of the plurilateral services agreement into the
GATS. It shall incorporate at minimum GATS core articles, i.e. Article I (scope and
definition), Article XIV and Article XIV bis (general and security exceptions), Article XVI
(market access), Article XVII (national treatment) and Article XXVIII (definitions).
6.
Furthermore, the agreement shall provide for market access (GATS Article XVI) for
services sectors in the same way as commitments are undertaken, under the GATS. It could
go beyond GATS by providing for a horizontal discipline for national treatment (as defined
in GATS Article XVII) that could be applied in principle to all sectors and modes of
supply, subject to exemptions identified by the parties. Exempted discriminatory measures
should be subject to a standstill 1 and/or a ratchet clause 2 .(see immediately below fn1 and fn2) Exemptions to the standstill
and/or ratchet clause would have to be identified by the parties.
7.
The agreement shall contain new or enhanced regulatory disciplines as compared to GATS
based on proposals by the parties. To that end, the negotiations should aim at including
inter alia regulatory disciplines concerning transparency, domestic regulation, state-owned
enterprises, telecommunication services, computer related services, e-commerce, cross-
border data transfers, financial services, postal and courier services, international maritime
transport services, government procurement for services and subsidies.

FN1 This means that exempted measures should in principle reflect the autonomous level of
liberalisation.

FN2 This means that any future removal of a discriminatory measure would be captured.


8.
The agreement shall include an effective dispute settlement mechanism to ensure that the
parties observe mutually agreed rules. Due regard shall be given to the dispute settlement
mechanism provided for in the WTO Agreement.
9.
The agreement should have an overall architecture conducive to its future
multilateralisation and the mechanism and conditions for this multilateralisation should be
defined. In the same vein, the agreement should contain an accession clause to ensure that
more WTO members sharing the objectives of the agreement could become a party.
10.
The negotiation position of the EU should take due account of any new elements pertaining
to these negotiating directives resulting from the Sustainability Impact Assessment (SIA).